Sources
Every document a ruling on this site was drafted from, the clause in it that matters, and where to read it. The list is taken from our records, so it cannot fall behind what the rulings cite.
Who checked what
The rulings were drafted by our internal scholars, and an institution bringing a waqf here still decides on its own scholars’ judgement whether its arrangement is sound. The citations are checked separately, and each entry says how far: of the 13 below, 3 have been confirmed against the document by a named scholar, 10 affirmed by a named scholar where there is no document to open, and none not yet confirmed either way.
These are the publishers’ own pages, not our copies
We link to the body that issued each document rather than hosting it, so you meet the current version even if it has changed since we read it. We also keep a dated copy of each, in case a link stops working; members can open it, and it is never offered as the source. The clause to open is given for each use, so anybody can check without taking our word for where to look.
Published documents
OIC International Islamic Fiqh Academy, Resolution 140 (6/15), 15th session, Muscat, March 2004
A copy taken on 2026-09-05 is held for members, against the day this link stops working.
| Form | What to open |
|---|---|
| Perpetual cash | Section Second, "Waqf of Cash", clauses 1 to 3: creating a cash waqf is permissible because it satisfies the objective of retaining the principal while offering its benefits, and money may be the principal for qard hasan or for investment. The resolution is titled "Investment of Waqf, its Yields, and Incomes", which is why the cash ruling is not evident from its name. FOUND AT PAGE 298 of the Academy's official collection (Oct 2021 edition), by the page number printed in the footer rather than the reader's page count. 0039 left the number unasserted because it had not been checked, and a secondary source that gave it as "140 (16/6)" had the notation transposed. |
OIC International Islamic Fiqh Academy, Resolution 181 (7/19), 19th session, Sharjah, April 2009
A copy taken on 2026-09-05 is held for members, against the day this link stops working.
| Form | What to open |
|---|---|
| Perpetual shares sukuk | Resolution number, session and date taken from the Academy's own site. It is reported to hold waqf of company shares permissible where the shares are themselves permissible to own, and likewise waqf of sukuk. Read against the official Arabic before verifying. |
| Rights intellectual | This form carried no source at all. The resolution is reported to address moral rights directly and to hold that a waqf of them expires when the period the law sets for the right expires, which is the second of the two questions this form records as unsettled. Read against the official Arabic before verifying: the whole weight of this form now rests on it. |
| Usufruct term | Reported to hold waqf of usufructs and services permissible, giving examples including the usufruct of houses and the services of hospitals and educational institutions. This is the contemporary counterpart to the classical treatment already cited on this form. Read against the official Arabic before verifying. |
AAOIFI Shariah Standard No. 60: Waqf
A copy taken on 2026-09-05 is held for members, against the day this link stops working.
| Form | What to open |
|---|---|
| Perpetual ahli | Clause 2/2/1/2 recognises the private or dynasty waqf, including waqf on oneself, and provides that it becomes charitable when the designated beneficiaries cease to exist. That reversion is the mechanism this form depends on. The statutory restrictions recorded separately on this form are not a Shariah question and are unaffected. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Perpetual cash | Clause 2/4/13, sub-clauses 2/4/13/1 to 2/4/13/5. Cash waqf is permitted, benefit taken by qard hasan or Shariah compliant investment. Note 2/4/13/3: where cash is invested in assets, the waqf asset remains the cash. Basis at Annexure B 2/4/13/1. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Perpetual immovable | Clause 2/4/6: Waqf over real estate, including appurtenant movables meant to be there permanently. Read with 2/1 for the definition and 2/4/1/5 for the presumption of perpetuity. Basis in Annexure B. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Perpetual mushtarak | Clause 2/2/1/3 recognises the joint waqf, where charitable and private beneficiaries share the revenue and benefit. Read with 2/2/1/2 for what happens to the private share when its beneficiaries cease. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Perpetual shares sukuk | Clauses 2/4/14 for companies and shares and 2/4/15 for sukuk and investment fund units, the latter permitting either a perpetual or a temporary waqf. Substitution is governed by 10/1/5, and 2/4/14/2 separates capital gain from revenue. Basis at Annexure B 2/4/14/1. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Rights intellectual | Clause 2/4/8 permits waqf over Shariah compliant moral rights, naming books' copyrights and patents, to donate their revenues or usufruct. Clause 2/2/2/1 classes moral rights among specific waqf assets alongside real estate. This answers the first of the two questions this form records. It does not answer the second, on a right that expires by law; for that see Resolution 181 (7/19). Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Suspended on condition | Clauses 2/4/1/2 and 2/4/1/3 together. The form of creation must be conclusive and a waqf cannot be concluded by an undertaking to create one, which is the distinction from a promise this form turns on; but a waqf may be contingent on a condition or deferred to a future date, the standard giving supervisory approval and a named future date as its own examples. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Temporary cash | Clause 2/4/1/5 settles it: perpetuity is the presumption, and a waqf may be limited to a period if the waqif stipulates, the asset returning to the owner or heirs at the end of the term. Clause 2/4/13/2 states it for cash directly, permitting waqf over investment accounts on a perpetual or timed basis. This form is not a minority position under Standard 60. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Testamentary khayri | Clause 2/4/1/4: a waqf made contingent on the waqif's death is a bequest, takes effect only on death, shall not exceed one third of the estate, and may be resiled from. Read together with the classical citation on this form rather than against it. The third is the ceiling where the heirs have not consented, and their consent removes it, because what is protected beyond the third is their own entitlement. 2/4/1/4 states the default case; the classical position states what consent changes. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
| Usufruct term | Clause 2/4/12 permits waqf of usufructs by their owner, and where the waqif holds them as lessee it requires that the lessor does not bar subletting and that the term of the waqf not exceed the lease. That second condition is directly enforceable and should be compared against what this platform actually holds a term usufruct waqf to. Clause 2/2/2/1 classes usufruct as a specific waqf asset. Located in the published text; not yet read by a person. |
Sources with no single document
These are positions held across many works rather than published as one text, so there is nothing to link to. AAOIFI Shariah Standard 60 sets out the classical arguments behind each of its rulings in its Annexure B, which is the shortest route to most of what follows.
Agreed position of the four schools on dedication of immovable property
Classical treatment of the joint waqf and the charitable remainder
Classical validity of the family waqf with charitable remainder
Later Hanafi and Maliki permissibility of waqf al-nuqud
Maliki permissibility of waqf for a term, against the majority requirement of perpetuity
The disposable third, and consent of the heirs beyond it
The ceiling of the disposable third binds where the heirs have not consented. Consent beyond it is theirs to give, so a waqf exceeding the third stands to the extent they allow. This is the complement of AAOIFI 2/4/1/4 on the same form, which gives the default limit and is silent on consent.
Treatment of dedication of manfaah, and its relation to retention of the asset
Treatment of the suspended declaration and its distinction from a promise
Jurisdictional restriction of the family waqf
Not a Shariah question. Belongs in the Jurisdiction Pack for each legal home, and is recorded here so the two are not confused.
AAOIFI Shariah Standards on investment screening
Relevant to what follows when a holding later fails screening, which is the live question rather than validity at dedication.
What a source not yet confirmed means for a ruling is on Governance, and the forms themselves are under Forms of waqf.